The Sea Goddess Bard :: Short Story Stories Essays

The Sea Goddess' Bard The sun had recently move over the stone sections and wave beaten, characteristic curve that shaped the eastern mass of the sound; a sheer stone bluff rimmed the western fringe. The pre-fall slow time of year was at last approaching its end and the seething surf was starting to tame. The waters were still unreasonably unpleasant for angling, yet Kiauch had his boat out in the focal point of his dad's shielded narrows. I don't have the foggiest idea, Rajath. Kethral shook his head as he watched his tenacious, oldest child move the dinghy over the narrows. The youthful minotaur's dim structure showed up plainly against the white of the spritsail even at this separation. Kiauch stresses me. He's well away from the stacks and curve. For whatever length of time that he doesn't go past the headland, he ought to be fine, Rajath consoled his sibling. No! Kethral snapped, I mean all that versifier gibberish. Goodness. Seen independently, one could without much of a stretch slip-up one sibling for the other. Both had the equivalent brilliant earthy colored coat, yet where Kethral was square manufactured and ground-breaking, Rajath had a delicate, thin beauty. Since the time that storm on his underlying journey all he discusses is turning into a minstrel. A versifier of all things! Before then he was unable to hold on to be a fisher. Having a boat snap in two under your feet is sufficient to startle anybody, Rajath brought up as Sekra, his lady of the hour of under two months went along with them on their vigil. Give Kiauch time. He'll come around. He would be advised to, the senior Os'Liath protested. Some time in the past, he had guaranteed his originally destined to Vestiya, and the Lady of the Sea had no resistance for promise breakers. Sekra grinned as she watched her nephew. Being new to the family, she saw what the others appeared to disregard. In spite of their outward contrasts, her brother by marriage and his child were essentially indistinguishable. When both of them got a thought in his mind there was no discouraging him. Sekra particularly questioned that Kiauch ever would 'come around.' Sekra heaved as an incredible wave struck her nephew's dinghy. I don't have the foggiest idea, she said as Kiauch eased into it and, beside a decent soaking, figured out how to keep his vessel above water. Take a gander at the way he's donning on the waves; that doesn't look like dread to me. Well, Kethral thundered somewhere down in his throat. Ok, Sekra's correct. Kiauch is not any more terrified of the ocean than he is of relaxing.

Government Censorship Would Damage The Atmosphere Of The Freedom To Ex

Government Censorship would harm the environment of the opportunity to communicate thoughts on the Internet; thusly, government ought not empower restriction Proposal: Government Censorship would harm the air of the opportunity to express thoughts on the Internet; thusly, government ought not empower oversight. Presentation I. In the Internet people group, there is an enormous volume of specialized terms. Consequently, it is first important to inspect the phrasing explicit to Web. 1. The web is an overall PC arrange. 1. Electronic mail (email), which is one segment of the Internet, approximates individual to individual letters, memoranda, notes and even calls. 2. Another term that is regularly utilized is electronic news (enews/Usenet), enews is a communicate, allowed to the Internet medium. 3. The term FTP is likewise oftentimes utilized. Record move convention (FTP) began as an Internet recorded and recovery medium, to some degree undifferentiated from customary libraries. 4. The internet (WWW), which is another part of the Net, can be utilized to distribute material that would generally show up in diaries, magazines, banners, books, TV and even on film. 2. It is likewise basic to give a short history on the web. 3.The U.S. government is currently attempting to pass bills to forestall abuse of the Net. II. So as to comprehend the requirement for the ever-developing assortment of enactment, it is critical to investigate the discussion, and the present issues included with the Net as it exists must be presented. 1. The difficult that worries a great many people is hostile materials, for example, erotic entertainment. 2. Another critical web wrongdoing is the taking of charge card numbers. III. One response to this inapplicability has been the Blue pencil the Net approach (the control charge), we are currently to think about its points of interest and disservices. 1. In the first place, the significance of Blue penciling the Net must be clarified. 2. Be that as it may, numerous specialists have brought up that administration restriction isn't conceivable. 1. To begin with, it isn't reasonable for bar the opportunity and harm the air of openly communicating thoughts only for the wellbeing of kids. 2. Most web clients are making the most of their right to speak freely on the Net, which is expected to be secured by our First Amendment. 3. Also, just an extremely little part of the Net contains hostile material, a great many people don't utilize the Net for sex entertainment. 4. It must be comprehended that controlling the Net is actually unimaginable. 5. While individuals are worried about Internet erotic entertainment, it ought to be perceived that sex entertainment is once in a while legitimate; for instance, sex entertainment is legitimate in video and magazines. IV. There are numerous elective measures to government restriction which would forestall abuse of the Net and would have indistinguishable impacts from control. 1. It is significant for guardians to give moral direction to their kids, and guardians ought to have this duty. 2. Be that as it may, simultaneously as we complete good direction, we need to come out with some transient ways to deal with tackle the issue in an increasingly effective manner as well. 3. An option in contrast to government control is the mechanical fix, which would forestall abuse of the Net and would have indistinguishable impacts from government restriction. 1. One case of mechanical fix is the SurfWatch programming. 2. Additionally, business Internet specialist organizations, for example, America Online, permit guardians to control what Internet hand-off visit (IRC) meetings are accessible to their kids. 3. Another mechanical fix is for guardians and gatekeepers to have a different intermediary server for their kids' internet browser. 4. There are no PC projects to naturally and dependably order material; no one but individuals can do it. Subsequently, while rehearsing innovative fixes, the arrangement of the substance of the material when posting is very significant. 5. These days, most web clients arrange their postings with standard classes, and leave marks toward the finish of postings. 6. The mix of the establishment of editing programming and the order of materials is a vastly improved arrangement than government control. End The Internet is a brilliant spot of diversion and training however like all places utilized by a huge number of individuals, it has some dinky corners individuals would favor youngsters not to investigate. In the physical world society in general schemes to ensure youngsters, yet there are no social or physical limitations to Internet surfing. The Internet Censorship Bill of 1995, otherwise called the Exon/Coats Interchanges Decency Act, has been presented in the U.S. Congress. It would make it a criminal offense to make accessible to youngsters anything that is profane, or to send anything disgusting with expectation to bother, misuse, undermine, or on the other hand pester (Stop the Communications ... n.p.). The objective of this bill as composed (however not as expressed by its

See You Later

See You Later This Friday, August 10th, will mark three years to the day since I began working in MIT Admissions. It will also mark my last. At least, for a little while. Next week I will begin a leave of absence from MIT. I will not, however, be leaving MIT. I will instead be moving a few buildings east to the Media Lab, where I will spend a year as a graduate student and researcher. As some of you may remember, before MIT I was a researcher at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society, and before that at the University of Massachusetts, where I wrote my senior thesis about privacy on networked social intermediaries. When I came to MIT Admissions, I frankly thought it would be a short stopover on my way to law school. I was wrong (thank goodness). Ive loved it here. And Ive never wanted to leave. I have, however, wanted to keep learning. So I started taking grad classes in the Comparative Media Studies program. They were really hard. I was put in a room with a small number of very smart grad students and a brilliant professor and forced to think in new, uncomfortable ways. If youve ever been to a physical therapist, you know the kind of discomfort I mean: the breaking apart of old adhesions that hurts even as it gives you the freedom to move in new and better ways. I got hooked. I knew the program wasnt what I thought I had wanted, but I knew it would push me out of my comfort zone and expose me to new ideas that I could use or discard as I saw fit. So I applied to CMS grad admissions at MIT are handled entirely by each department and was admitted a week or two before CPW. Originally I had planned to just take one class a semester for a really long time while continuing to work in the office. But for a variety of reasons some academic, some administrative that wasnt going to work for me, for the office, or for CMS. So we did what MIT people always do when faced with this kind of problem: we improvised. My program is usually two years long, but, because Id already taken a few classes and started on my thesis, CMS agreed to let me overload and aim to finish in one. The office, meanwhile, agreed to give me a years leave of absence sort of like a sabbatical to allow me to go and pursue this opportunity. One of the best parts about grad school here is that most (non-Sloan) students are fully-funded, meaning their tuition, stipend, and health insurance are all covered by MIT in exchange for some research or teaching activities. Last week, I found out that Ill be spending the next year as a research assistant at the Center for Civic Media, which is hands down my favorite lab at MIT. Civic works with communities to collaboratively create, design, deploy, and assess civic media tools and practices. I am incredibly fortunate.  Ive got the opportunity to get an MIT grad degree in a really mind-expanding program with a cool thesis topic. Ill be  fully supported by my favorite research lab on the planet. And I can return, at the end, to the job which I love. That is why this decision was easy to make. But its consequences will still be difficult to live with. This is not an easy job to leave, even if only for a year. In the three years I have worked in this office I have never been bored. I have always found it fascinating, stimulating, and profoundly meaningful. The opportunities I have had to meet MIT applicants, to read their applications, to see the admits at CPW, to advise them academically once they are here, to see them struggle and succeed and mature and grow and then go off and just blow the lid off the world has been incredible. But I know this is the right opportunity at the right time. Like Yogi Berra said: when you get to a fork in the road, sometimes you just have to take it. But what, you ask, of the website, and all of the digital things that I do? Do not be afraid. We have hired on a regent to serve in my stead for the next year. Hes even named Chris to help minimize the confusion! He was selected (from many great applicants) primarily because he can a) speak authentically and honestly to our prospective student audiences, and b) because hes going to be a great admissions reader. Ill let the new Chris introduce himself tomorrow. Hell be keeping the trains running, bossing around our (new) bloggers, and supervising a few new website tricks we have up our sleeves for rollout later this fall (thats all Ill say for now). With that, Ill take your leave in order to begin mine. I may nor may not blog over the coming months, but even while my head is in the Lab, my heart will be in Admissions. If you need me, my email is the same, so just drop me a line. Be well. Ill see you later.

Exchange Rate Risk And Impact On Foreign Trade - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 18 Words: 5297 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? This paper uses real world application of exchange rate fluctuations, its causes and impact on the economy, risks associated with it and their management, in terms of Chinese economy to show the importance on these financial concepts and their requirement of understanding one to understand the other, all in wake of gaining he knowledge that will help in making transactions decisions that affect the economy on a global scale. Going for a bigger leap by learning to take smaller steps. Introduction The incontrovertible evidence of understanding the importance of the exchange rate fluctuation mechanism and the types and magnitude of risk, attached to the international trading affecting those who are involved in transaction across border globally deems necessary the acquisition of knowledge by those who are involved in day to day market transactions. The global economy is reliant upon the study of economic and other socio-political variable affecting the exchange rate in the international market influence the terms of trade of the trading countries and consequently inducing changes in the budget restructuring and trading quantities that are contributed to the international market by individual countries. Thus the realization of the need for this paper came upon as a research topic. This report takes into account several articles and write ups related to foreign exchange rates, their risks, exposure, and tries to plug them in with the conventional concepts of these financial instruments in order to enhance the understanding and the knowledge of exchange rate mechanism, its determinants and how it impacts any countrys economy specifically that of china. The literature support backs up the implication of the concepts applied here for the better grasp if the points that are attempting to be made noticeable. The main theme of the paper revolves around the arena of foreign exchange rates; How they impact the economy, what causes them to fluctuate, the impact of these fluctuations; How they affect the country with a changing value of currency in relative terms, a mention of the recent effects that the economies of the countries have gone into having had been affected in terms of it economy and foreign trade sector, the risk exposure associated with the fluctuating exchange rates and how does hedging help in reducing that risk. Even though the main theme would give an impression of a broad topic discussion, however we will remain confined to narrowed dis cussion limited within our topics only touching the subject in light of its practical application extracted from evidence presented in news articles and periodicals. This stance has been adopted, induced by the goal achieving grasp on the concepts and not on mere conventional definitions to these applicable financial-economic concepts. The paper also sees through and explains the methods of conduction of research in terms of our sources of data and our approach. Graphs and charts relevant to the topic have been provided to further clear the ideas built upon the physical evidence by analysis of these statistical data sets. Eventually reaching to base where we design a cohesive note on the findings of all the efforts put into this research and thus helping us to reach to a conclusion based upon all the facts and evidence provided in the literature review and by the statistical data charts and graphs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Exchange Rate Risk And Impact On Foreign Trade" essay for you Create order Literature Review This section imparts knowledge using empirical evidence that is published in newspaper journals and articles and is related to our topic of interest, to augment the understanding of the financial concepts and phenomena that take place in the economy. Following are some critical reviews of articles pertaining to topic: Exchange rate risk, determinants and its impact on foreign trade. Exchange Rate Fluctuations and its Causes. The issue of the undervalued currency of China (Renminbi).and not just undervalued the word substantial puts the emphasize on the meaning shedding curious gazes as to what might be the reason behind this, has been presented by the corporate author (Business Asia, 2007).However, the year 2007 and the year following that were expected to bring appreciation according to the author. The low valued currency helped in the exports volume increment but at the same time incurred costs in other sectors. The so expected appreciation would bring prosperity to the economy, indicating an economic growth or a path led to success. On the other hand, the appreciated currency would, by all means, even if little, impact the exporting sector negatively making the goods sold to foreign countries less cheaper and making the existence of Chinese goods in the competitive market all the more tougher (Business Asia, 2007). El-Erian, ONeill, Bergsten, Mohamed (2007), further takes the discussion forward with appreciating Chinese currency and at the same time the threat of protectionist trade measures and the falling dollar. He sheds light upon the problem of falling dollar and how it would be a problem being a constraint upon the Federal Reserve Bank to take measure against the economic down turns led by the crisis in the real estate. On the other hand, the Chinese Yuan has been allowed to appreciate modestly in the past two year from the time the article was written keeping an eye for the threat of protectionist measures (Business Asia, 2007). Already the appreciation had caused much apprehension for the Chinese; dollar falling further would be putting too much on their plate. The Depreciation of Dollar would imply further appreciation in Chinese currency which would threat the exports sector much. Nevertheless the depreciation of dollar by and large is a development for the world economy despite some negative consequences it may have on trade. And the circumstances are much more predictive for the weak dollar than the reality assumes, and it sure is likely to remain that way (El-Erian, ONeill, Bergsten, Mohamed, 2007). The important issues discussed by the corporate author diverts our attention towards the sterilization efforts, issuance of liabilities and Sino-US relation that are the main factors affecting the pace of the appreciation expected (Business Asia, 2007). The so long undervalued Chinese currencys expectation to rise was induced by the central banks intention of sterilization for the manipulation of exchange rate, however all depended upon the success of this effort. The central bank can control the exchange rate by buying or selling the currency and hence stimulation and increase or a decrease respectively in the relative supply of the currency in circulation. Furthermore in sterilizing it insulates itself from the foreign exchange operations in order to prevent potentially adverse impacts of capital inflow or outflow. Thus in order to appr eciate the Chinese Renminbi against US dollar the central bank of china would buy the domestic currency and create a shortage of supply, therefore increasing its value and it would sell the American dollar for the reverse effect. Hence, the Chinese currency would appreciate. (Business Asia, 2007) El-Erian (El-Erian, ONeill, Bergsten, Mohamed, 2007), taking a step further, reasoned the apprehensive condition of the Chinese, to see the falling dollar after all their efforts to keep the appreciation of their own currency modest. The threat of declining exports leading to broadening of trade balance was imminent. And to top it off the depreciating dollar only sought to be a cause for an augmentation of risk in the painstakingly controlled economy (El-Erian, ONeill, Bergsten, Mohamed, 2007). The article but also points out that despite the negative consequences of the weakening dollar on trade given the predictable circumstances of a likely depreciation, it also implies a developmen t of world economy against US. Because depreciation of dollar would in effect mean appreciation of the currencies that it must be held against which includes all the other countries of the world. Thus from the perspective of other countries an appreciation would be taking place implying a growth affect in their respective economies and indicating a surge of development in those countries (El-Erian, ONeill, Bergsten, Mohamed, 2007). The Negative and the Positive Impacts Corporate author contributed in the same line of argument, though his inclination was towards the impacts then cause. His argument is in resonance to the arguments of El-Erian critically analyzed above. The author specifically talks about the strong appreciation of most Asian currencies against USD while there being still others, which were weaker than they were before the global financial crisis (Business Asia, 2009). The appreciation of other currencies has put the undervalued currency under pressure to appreciate further. China in this respect has continued to keep its currency undervalued. A rapid appreciation would imply a slower accumulation of foreign reserves. This brings two aspects under concern. First is the rising threat of protectionism from European countries and the US and the other is the giving full control of monetary policy back to Government (Business Asia, 2009). The corporate author of Business Asia (Business Asia, 2009) also forces us to contemplate upon t he issue, which is the rapid appreciation of currencies in Asia, especially in China, who has been keeping a modest appreciation rate in light of the threat of protectionism from EU and US. The weaker currency if allowed to appreciate rapidly would instigate protectionism from EU and US on now not so cheap goods owing to the devaluation of USD itself as well as the appreciation Asian currencies. However this would also imply developmental growth in other countries (referring to China) relative to the US (Business Asia, 2007). Furthermore another incentive for letting the currency appreciate for China and other Asian countries would be that letting the exchange rate fluctuate on its own terms, the Government will finally be free to use the monetary instruments to manipulate and reshape their monetary policy which otherwise had been committed to keeping the exchange rate fluctuations in check (Business Asia, 2009). From the discussions regarding the exchange rate by different autho rs so far, it has been an enlightening experience to contemplate upon the issues faced in the real world by the real economies regarding the Foreign exchange rate fluctuations, how they are affected differently by the conditions of the economy in different countries, and the what reactions it induce in the effected economies. The Exchange rate fluctuation is now better understood in terms of two countries respected currency values. We can see a number of different impacting factors changing the rate which include the loosening of monetary policy in to let the Chinese currency appreciate against all currencies and on the other hand the devaluation of dollar appreciated the Chinese currency even further. Resultantly changing the relative development indicators of the countries effected (Business Asia, 2007). Furthermore, the effects on the foreign exchange rate we also saw the application of the effects that the fluctuations of FOREX have on the economies, which is an exposure to t he risk of losing trade as mentioned in our literature review (Business Asia, 2009). The rapidly increasing currency value also come forth rapidly rising prices of exports goods which would induce a fall in demand or worse, protectionist policies, in the importing countries for the exported goods of the country experiencing currency appreciation (Business Asia, 2007). Besides the risk of protectionism and other changing exchange rates negative impacts the positive impacts include in the likely situation of appreciation as mentioned above, loosening of control on exchange rates frees the monetary policy to concentrate on the other sectors of the economy. Also the appreciating value of the currency creates major attraction for short-term and high-return investment seekers (Huang, 2010). This can be explained better by Ying Huangs argument on the main reason of speculative fund inflow to China. Huang (2010) attempts to decipher the main reason for the inflow of funds into Chinese ec onomy. The massive overseas funds inflow, according to the author, is primarily due to the appreciation in the Chinese Currency which makes it attractive to investors. These funds aim to earn a higher comparative return on short term basis due to high interest rates offered in China as Opposed to that of the United States. And, although, the housing and the stock market appear to be the main attraction of investments since funds may appear to target investment in these markets, however, the attractive appreciating Chinese currency is the major reason of the speculative inflow of funds and not these markets (Huang, 2010). An appreciating value of Chinese currency shows promising future to the investors who seek high returns in a very short period. The reason being that, in spite of the high interest rates offered to the investors the appreciating value of currency increases the return by an even larger total than just with the high returns. The high returns and increasing value by the virtue of increasing Foreign exchange rate is major attraction for investors. The article pointed out the fact that even though the housing and stock market appear to be the investment targets reeling in the major influx of funds from overseas, however the main star of the speculative flow is the attractive currency of Chinese owing to its appreciating nature. The housing and stock market do not cause this major influx, however they do become the target investments eventually directly or indirectly (Huang, 2010). This pretty much elaborates our discussion on foreign exchange rate; however, we still need further evidence upon the risk exposures that have been mentioned as an effect to these fluctuations in terms of their impact on economy or investors and why or why not investors decide to take precautionary measures in taking shelters from this kind of risk exposure Risk Exposure- Avoid it or Avoid Avoiding it? A decent explanation can be induced by analyzing the perspective of Georgina Lee (Lee, 2009). Lee talks about the increased scrutiny that Chinese state owned businesses have to face now. The derivatives market used to hedge the investments against interest, currency and commodity risk are put under surveillance in order to put constraints on this phenomena and discourage these market transactions that would eventually lead to too much hedging that all the risk averse investors would start using these financial instrument to secure their investments. The State-owned Asset Supervision and Administration Commission was spurred into action after several State-owned Enterprises, their subsidiaries and affiliates suffered high losses due to failed foreign exchange, fuel and interest rate hedging contracts (Lee, 2009). Although, according to Georgina Lee, the use of derivate securities as financial instruments to hedge the investments against certain kind of risks may be a very attract ive phenomenon of wisely securing your assets against risk, but it brings forth the new kind of risk associated with it, that is the probability of losing profits in case unexpected adverse circumstances would come into play (Lee, 2009). The article discusses the new limitations and regulations put to scrutinize the state-owned businesses and restrain them from using derivative securities. After observing several high profile losses incurred to state-owned enterprises, the SASAC came into action to prevent further losses due to failed foreign exchange, interest and fuel hedging contracts (Lee, 2009). Lees discussion merely elaborates why Chinese Supervision Commission had to keep in check the derivative markets in order to prevent another experience like past of failed securities. However, it is more of a choice in other countries than of a legislative measure, which is made after analyzing the costs incurred in using the financial hedging instruments (Larry Kirschner, 2009). Larry Kirschner elaborates upon the Foreign Exchange Rate risk exposure and how and why different companies manipulate the financial derivatives as instrument to manage their risk. Also they write that a few companies would rather not address the foreign exchange risk exposure at all. According to the authors, it requires a great deal of understanding, assessment and prioritization of the exposures before they can apply these any hedging instrument to gain from such investments (Larry Kirschner, 2009).They observe that where many companies have become complacent with their foreign exchange risk management practices, there exist other companies that would rather condone addressing to such exposures. There are many things to consider and much effort required before utilizing any instrument to manage against such risk exposures (Larry Kirschner, 2009). The implication by the authors enlightens us about the importance of better understanding of the foreign exchange rate fluctuations and risk exposure before they can be manipulated into profit extraction or general hedging against an expected risk of adverse circumstances. The reason for some companies being comfortable with their hedging or risk management practices stands that they understand the further risks attached to it and after having properly assessed, analyzed and derived from the given risks and they have weighed their expectations of gains with current condoning alternative and have reached to a conclusion to generate expectations of comparatively more gains through hedging (Larry Kirschner, 2009). These preliminary requirements are basic necessity and incur some cost as well which discourages other companies from using financial instrument to their own advantage. Thus it can be derived that although risk exposure management may be beneficial for companies to hedge against exchange rate risk, however, it requires careful analysis of international exposures with due consideration given to internal co ntrol by the companies (Larry Kirschner, 2009). The analysis above provides quite an insight on the choices faced by the investors and the reason why they chose to or chose not to use financial derivatives to hedge against the foreign risk. At the end it all depends of your weighted analysis of cost and benefits and risk involved that contribute in the final decision making process (Larry Kirschner, 2009). Despite all these discussions we know from intuition that we as humans would prefer lesser risk. Putting this natural instinct upon financial intuition it should be an understood fact that investors would go for a stable investment of low risk provided he choice is a decision made after thorough analytical efforts. However in light of all the above analysis and our major intuition we should see that due to the depreciating dollar value, many countries investors should have switched to a more stable currency as a reserve currency but we observe that dollar still remains to be th e reserve currency all over uncontested with the exception of the challenging statement delivered by Governor of Peoples bank of China (Montecillo, 2009). Montecillo (2009) reflects the view of the Governor of Peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank of China, Zhou Xiao Chan, that current global financial system faces vulnerability and systematic risks. He also emphasized that reform must create an international reserve currency with stable value, rule based issuance and manageable supply. The article further illustrates on the point made that they are serving as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“unit of accountà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“medium of exchangeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Moreover its à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“store of valueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is also considered from the perspective of both the government and the private sectors. Following the perspective Governor of peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank of China actually challenged the statement of BSP(the Bangko Sentralng Pilipinas ) that despite declining value of dol lar (from 72.7% in end- June2001 to 62.8% as of end- June 2009: the article quotes) dollar will remain the world most widely used currency-Uncontested reserve currency- as no alternative existed as then (Montecillo, 2009). Another type of risk associated with the foreign exchange rate fluctuation has been thoroughly highlighted in this article enlightened by the challenging statement of Governor of Peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank of China. With the declining value of dollar with respect to other currencies, in effect appreciating them against the USD, the risk associated with them puts the investors in reserve currency at exposure (Montecillo, 2009). The stable foreign reserve currency is the requirement for foreign transactions and for investment purposes. However, a fluctuating reserve currency would create imbalance of gains and losses and putting the market players at a high risk of losing money who have invested in a currency with declining value, for example, and need to pay in other currency that would have appreciated against the reserve currency in effect. Thus the declining value of Dollar though may not have challenged its world-wide demand as a reserve currency, but China has contested that perspective in term of demanding a relatively stable alternative and seek shelter from the exposure this foreign exchange rate fluctuation risk (Montecillo, 2009). Data Analysis Figure 1: Foreign Direct Investment in China Untitled.png (The World Bank, 2010) The figure shows foreign direct investment in China which is increasing over the period at an increasing rate (The World Bank, 2010). The reason can be explained as an induction due to attraction of high interest rates and constantly increasing value of Chinese currency (Huang, 2010). The appreciating Chinese currency is a major attraction for short term foreign investors seeking high returns on their investments. Thus, the increase in the foreign direct investment can be justified by the increase in the Chinese currency against other currencies and also the deprecation of dollar against Asian currencies (Business Asia, 2009). Figure 2: Growth in Money Supply (percentage change) Untitled2.png (The World Bank, 2010) The increase in the money supply can be seen as an effort to prevent the adverse consequences expected to be brought up by the simultaneous increase in the value of Chin ese Currency against US dollar and the Depreciation of US dollar against Asian currencies (Business Asia, 2009). it is only by selling out domestic currency and buying the foreign currency, that the central bank of china would be able to keep the demand for Chinese currency low and hence low value and keep the foreign reserves high to keep the foreign currency to depreciate against their own currency to avoid the risk of protectionism (Business Asia, 2007). The Foreign reserves record can be observed in figure 2. Figure 3: Chinas Foreign Reserves (includes Gold, Current US$) Untitled3.png (The World bank, 2010) The figure above shows the increase in the foreign reserve currency ( US dollars) which further supports our claim of China having had used protective measure to keep the appreciation of its currency modest by buying in foreign reserves and selling our domestic currency (The World Bank, 2010). Clearly these efforts have been put into play after 2004 since the fore ign direct investment had a peaking high rate of increment till that year as can be observed in the Figure 1 (The World Bank, 2010). And since the value of currency has been attempted to put under control, the threat of protectionist policies against Chinese exports receded as he prices of exports against started to fall as can be observed in the figure 3 (The World bank, 2010). Figure 4: USD-CNY Untitled.png (Yahoo, 2010) We see the appreciating Chinese currency against USD but till 2005 mid a very stable exchange rate points towards the mentioned efforts on behalf of Chinese government by manipulating the money supply to keep the Foreign exchange rate from appreciating (The World Bank, 2010). However, during the period of constant exchange rate or say merely constant keeping a moderate change allowed, the currency did come under pressure (Business Asia, 2009) for its own increasing value to be taken care of while also managing the impact of depreciation of dollar on th e Chinese currency and eventually its exports (Business Asia, 2007). After 2006 the monetary policy seems to have been allowed to let lose the exchange rate to be able to concentrate on the other sectors as well (Business Asia, 2007). Methodology The way to go about the research conducted for this term paper is known as the methodology. The method pursued in gathering the required material and data for the paper comprises mostly follows a general type in terms of the form and efforts put in to acquire it. There are majorly three type data sources used for research reports or gathering relevant data on the topic of interest (Lombard, 2010).But our concern is with the Secondary Research or Data Collection method. This includes data and observational facts as already recorded by previous researchers. The provided datasets have already been analyzed and shaped before by previous writers and authors with copyrights protecting their work. The material from the secondary source is further manipulated and used to assist in making points of information with proper referencing and credits paid to the original workers. As readily available data sets they are a persons prior choice to any other method. Some negative aspects, however , are associated with the Secondary data sets as well. Despite the time saving and cost saving features of Secondary data sets, there is no guarantee of them meeting the exact requirements of the researcher seeking evidence to support his theories or claims. Furthermore the validity and reliability of the researched data sets may be in question and source can project dubious impressions unless the researches are conducted by reliable sources as government agencies (Lombard, 2010) Purpose of Research The purpose of research is to help make the understanding of concepts of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. and its causes and effects and the hedging and investment against these fluctuations easy in light of evidence from Chinese currency revaluation against US Dollars, the investment it induced, and the negative and the positive aspects of the Chinese currency revaluation. Research Approach and Strategy Given the purpose of the research and the types of the research explained it comes down to putting it down to defining our Strategy and deciding which approach to adopt (Lombard, 2010). Bearing in mind the scale and the scope of our topic and the limited resources, the best and most efficient approach for us to have, which we adopted, is to gather data from secondary research source upon the evidence of Chinese economy to explain the different aspects of the foreign exchange rate role in the economy. All our research material refers to a secondary data source, which consists of point of views of different authors publishing their research or findings in articles appearing in periodicals. Our strategy remains to manipulate this secondary source material and mold them to help up support our own claims and concepts without changing the main framework and the meaning of ideas associated with the empirical evidence. This approach not only proved the strategy to be cost effective but also very efficient in term of time saving and with proper citation the sources can tracked back to authenticate their reliability and validity. Data Collection and Analysis Provided with the theoretical concepts from different authors point of views (referring to the Literature review), relevant data including charts/data sets recording foreign exchange rate fluctuations in Chinese currency against US Dollar and its induction of investment and other impacts are provided in the section covering statistical data for better analysis of our concepts in view of empirical evidence. Findings The course of writing this term paper has helped us find and clear quite a few things which need to be summarized in this section. The findings of this research includes the following important concepts Foreign Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Causes Chinas Foreign exchange rate had been increasing moderately owing to their controlled efforts. The efforts of controlling the exchange rate from fluctuating was in line due to risk of protectionist policies against Chinese exports from EU and US countries because of rapidly increasing value of currency relative to other currencies (Business Asia, 2007). Also there was pressure due to depreciating value of dollar against the Asian currencies which made matters worse and the need for control bigger. The foreign exchange rate was stabilized by diverting monetary policy into manipulating the money supply accordingly to set the foreign exchange rate at fixed level (El-Erian, ONeill, Bergsten, Mohamed, 2007). Besides the threat of protectionism there was also a positive impact of being included under the impression of having hit a developmental hike. Foreign Exchange Rate Risk and its Management The exchange rate fluctuations bring about its own pros and cons. In the case of china, the appreciating value of Chinese currency brought about major investment incentives and a major attraction for short term high return seeking investors (Huang, 2010). And with investment opportunities come forth the risk associated with these investments and its management (Lee, 2009) which in turn brings forth more risks of losing money by using investment derivatives without proper calculation of risk involved in the investment related to the exchange rate fluctuation and correctly predicting FOREX forecast. It is very important to first analyze the risks associated before deciding whether or not to hedge against it or if it is even worth hedging against (Lee, 2009). Anomalies Despite what we expect based upon our calculative procedure of forecasting and weighting and comparing alternatives, there is always a chance for an anomaly to exist within all kinds circumstances. With all our observation of increasing Chinese currency value and dollar being instable, we would have expected the world to shift to a more stable and risk free currency as their reserve currency. However, we see that with the exception of challenging statement from the governor of Peoples Bank of China, Dollar remains as the reserve currency of most of the countries uncontested (Montecillo, 2009). Conclusion We conclude our term paper with summarizing the findings during the course of our research and finally stating the end result to what our findings led us to extract as our conclusion. We found that Fluctuating exchange rates have impacts, both positive and negative on, on different sectors of the economy, especially trade and investment. We also found that investment brings along a lot of risks and it requires a very careful and analyzed decision whether to hedge against these risk or not and using which derivative. We learned that despite our careful calculations, not everything works out according to our predictions and there is always some chance of error in calculations or an unpredictable situation taking over. The reason for slow appreciation in Chinese Currency against other currency, especially US Dollar, in the first half of the current decade can be credited to the efforts put in to keep the exchange rate from appreciating, which projected a threat of protectionist pol icies from trading partners against the Chinese exports that were becoming less cheap (Business Asia, 2007). The, efforts however, involved binding the monetary policy to exchange rate fluctuations and keep it from being used for other sectors. On the other hand, if the Chinese had let the exchange rate fluctuate freely, it would free the monetary policy for other sectors. The Chinese Currency would have appreciated rapidly due to its own currency pressure and also because of depreciating US Dollar against the Asian currencies (Business Asia, 2009). The rapidly increasing value of Chinese Currency would make the exports costly to foreign consumers and hence China would face protectionist policies from importing countries. The appreciating currency would also be an implication of China being on a developmental hike since its currency is appreciating (Business Asia, 2007). It also induces high fund inflow for investors who seek greater returns in shorter period time by benefiting f rom both, the high interest rates in the Chinese economy and the appreciating Chinese currency (Huang, 2010). The investment in the foreign exchange market further has certain risks associated with it. The Derivatives market securities are the financial instruments used to hedge against these risk but then again lack of knowledge would lead to more lasses than gains as in China after which they had to control the Derivative markets to limit and prevent the losses that had been incurred once already (Lee, 2009). The use of derivatives market require, Thus, a calculated and weighted analysis of the situations and forecasts before using them to hedge a any risk on investment. All this bother, becomes the reason for some companies to decide not to hedge or just condone the option for it requires more effort than the worthy output (Larry Kirschner, 2009). All the hassle and the imbalance of trade would create more problems than projecting indication of economic growth. So in order to prevent the imbalance in trade china kept the currency from appreciating by manipulating the money supply i.e. increasing supply of domestic currency and buying all the foreign reserves. Nevertheless, the falling value of Dollar instigated challenging statement from China on the importance of shifting to a more stable currency as foreign reserves despite the world wide uncontested resilience of dollar as the reserve currency even with the instability in the exchange rate (Montecillo, 2009).

Rottman v commissioners of police for the Metropolis

Rottman v commissioners of police for the Metropolis â€Å"Extradition search is lawful, lords say common law power is still available† The name of the parties are (appellant) commissioner of the police of the metropolis,(respondent) Mr. Michael Rottman . The judgment has been held in the house of lords. The judges on this were- Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead, Lord Hoffmann, Lord Hope of Craighead, Lord Hutton and Lord Roger of Earlsferry. The barristers and solicitors in this case were, Mr. Perry, on behalf of the appellant and Miss Montgomery, for the respondent. The date of the judgment was 16th may 2002. MATERIAL FACTS- the respondent, Mr. Micheal Rottman , is a German businessman and was suspected of fraud in Germany. A court in Germany†¦show more content†¦In the Divisional Court Lord Justice Brooke said that in R v Governor of Pentonville Prison, Ex p. Osman Lord Justice Lloyd had said: Is there any difference between a warrant of arrest in domestic proceedings and a provisional warrant under section 6 of the Fugitive Offenders Act 1967? We can see none. His Lordship found it impossible to interpret Part II of the 1984 Act as providing any saving for the common-law power identified in Osman Parliament intended s. 18 to provide in codified form for the full extent of a constables power to enter and search premises after an arrest, for the purposes identified in that section, and intended it to be limited to police inquiries into domestic offences. His Lordship was satisfied that the common-law power of search which was identified in Osman was extinguished when Part II came into force. The police possessed no statutory power of entry and search without a warrant outside the four corners of the Act and the Act gave them no such power in an extradition context. The House of Lordss ratio However, in the Lords, Lord Hutton said that the Divisional CourtShow MoreRelatedRegina v Commisioner of the Metropolitan Police2798 Words   |  12 PagesStatus:   Positive or Neutral Judicial Treatment R. (on the application of Rottman) v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis House of Lords 16 May 2002 Case Analysis Where Reported [2002] UKHL 20; [2002] 2 A.C. 692; [2002] 2 W.L.R. 1315; [2002] 2 All E.R. 865; [2002] H.R.L.R. 32; 12 B.H.R.C. 329; [2002] Po. L.R. 124; [2002] A.C.D. 69; Times, May 21, 2002; Independent, July 1, 2002; Official Transcript Case Digest Subject: Criminal procedure Keywords: Arrest; Extradition; PACE codes of practice;

Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent Free Essays

Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent From Wisped, the free encyclopedia Part of a series on the Culture of India History People Languages Mythology and folklore[show] Cuisine Festivals Religion Art[show] Literature[show] Music and performing arts[show] Media[show] Sport Monuments[show] Symbols[show] Culture portal India portal Bronze Vishnu Gain figure of Thirthankarasuparshvanath, 14th century, marble One of the first representations of the Buddha, 1st-2nd century CE, Kandahar The first known sculpture in the Indian subcontinent is from the Indus Valley civilization (3300-1700 SC), found in sites at Enjoy-dare and Harp in modern- ay Pakistan. These include the famous small bronze female dancer. However such figures in bronze and stone are rare and greatly outnumbered by pottery figurines and stone seals, often of animals or deities very finely depicted. We will write a custom essay sample on Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent or any similar topic only for you Order Now After the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization there is little record of sculpture until the Buddhist era, apart from a hoard of copper figures of (somewhat controversially) c. 1500 BCC from Diamond. [l] Thus the great tradition of Indian monumental sculpture in stone appears to begin relatively late, with the reign of Soak from 270 to 232 BCC, and he Pillars of Shook he erected around India, carrying his edicts and topped by famous sculptures of animals, mostly lions, of which six survive. 2] Large amounts of figurative sculpture, mostly in relief, survive from Early Buddhist pilgrimage status, above all Ashcan; these probably developed out of a tradition using wood that also embraced Hinduism. [3] During the 2nd to 1st century BCC in far northern India, in the Greece-Buddhist art of Kandahar from what is now southern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan, sculptures became more explicit, representing episodes of the Buddha life and teachings. Although India had a long sculptural tradition and a mastery of rich iconography, the Buddha was never represented in human form before this time, but only through some of his symbols. This may be because Ghanaian Buddhist sculpture in modern Afghanistan displays Greek and Persian artistic influence. Artistically, the Ghanaian school of sculpture is said to have contributed wax. Y hair, drapery covering both shoulders, shoes and sandals, acanthus leaf decorations, etc. The pink sandstone Hindu, Gain and Buddhist sculptures of Mature from the 1st to 3rd centuries CE fleeted both native Indian traditions and the Western influences received through the Greece-Buddhist art of Kandahar, and effectively established the basis for subsequent Indian religious sculpture. [4] The style was developed and diffused through most of India under the Guppy Empire (c. Which remains a â€Å"classical† period for Indian sculpture, covering the earlier Lealer Caves,[5] though the Elephant Caves are probably slightly later. 6] Later large scale sculpture remains almost exclusively religious, and generally rather conservative, often reverting to simple frontal standing poses for deities, though the attendant spirits such as papayas and yaks often have sensuously curving poses. Carving is often hi ghly detailed, with an intricate backing behind the main figure in high relief. The celebrated bronzes of the Chula dynasty (c. 850-1250) Portsmouth India, many designed to be carried in processions, include the iconic form of Shiva as Natural, [7] with the massive granite carvings of Manipulator dating from the previous Papilla dynasty. [8] The â€Å"dancing girl of Enjoy Dare†, 3rd millennium BCC (replica) Shook Pillar, Visalia, Briar, c. 50 BCC Stump gateway at Ashcan, c. 100 CE or perhaps earlier, with densely packed relief Hindu Guppy terracotta relief, 5th century CE, of Krishna Killing the Horse Demon Skies Buddha from Saran’s, 5-6th century CE Hindu, Chula period, 1000 Marble Sculpture of female yaks in typical curving pose, c. 1450, Restaurants The Colossal tritium at the Elephant Caves Typical medieval frontal standing statue falloffs, 950-1150 In Khartoum Rock-cut temples at Lealer Copular of the Tail Natural Temple, Catamaran, Tamil Undue, densely packed wi th rows of painted statues Contents [hide] 1 Greece-Buddhist art 2 See also 3 Gallery 4 Notes 5 References 6 Further reading Greece-Buddhist art[edit source I editable] Greece-Buddhist art is the artistic manifestation of Greece-Buddhism, a cultural synthetics between the Classical Greek culture and Buddhism, which developed over a period of close to 1000 years in Central Asia, between the conquests of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCC, and the Islamic conquests of the 7th century CE. Greece-Buddhist art is characterized by the strong idealistic realism of Hellenic art and the first representations of the Buddha in human form, which have helped define the artistic (and particularly, sculptural) canon for Buddhist art throughout the Asian continent up to the present. Though dating is uncertain, it appears that strongly Hellenic styles lingered in the East for several centuries after they had declined around the Mediterranean, as late as the 5th century CE. Some aspects of Greek art were adopted while others did not spread beyond the Greece- Buddhist area; in particular the standing figure, often with a relaxed pose and one leg flexed, and the flying cupids or victories, who became popular across Asia as papayas. Greek foliage decoration was also influential, with Indian versions of the Corinthian capital appearing. 9] The origins of Greece-Buddhist art are to be found in the Hellenic Greece-Bacteria kingdom (250 BCC – 130 BCC), located in today’s Afghanistan, from which Hellenic culture radiated into the Indian subcontinent with the establishment of the small Indo-Greek kingdom (180 BCC-II BCC). Under the Indo-Greeks and then the Khans, the interaction of Greek and Buddhist culture flourished in the area of Kandahar, in today’s northern Pakistan, before spreading further into India, influencing the art of Mature, and then the Hindu art of the Guppy empire, which was to extend to the rest of South-East Asia. The influence of Greece-Buddhist art also spread northward towards Central Asia, strongly affecting the art of the Atari Basin and the Dunging Caves, and ultimately the sculpted figure in China, Korea, and Japan. [10] Kandahar frieze with devotees, hallucinating leaves, in purely Hellenic style, inside Corinthian columns, 1st-2nd century CE. Bunker, Swat, Pakistan. Victoria and Albert Museum Fragment of the wind god Borers, Haddam,Afghanistan. Coin of Demerits I of Bacteria, who reigned circa 200-180 BC and invaded Northern India Buddha head from Haddam, Afghanistan, 3rd-4th centuries Kandahar Poseidon (Ancient Orient Museum) The Buddhist gods Pancake (left) and Harriet(right), 3rd century, Kandahar Taller Buddha of Banyan, c. 547 AD. , in 1963 and in 2008 after they were dynamited and destroyed in March 2001 by the Taliban Statue from a Buddhist monastery 700 AD,Afghanistan See also[edit source I editable] Sculptures of Bangladesh Gallery[edit source I editable] Marble stone work, Jailers Gain Temple,Restaurants Seated Changes, sandstone sculpture from Restaurants, India, 9th century, Honolulu Academy of Arts yellow sandstone Sculpture of a Standing deity,11 the century CE,Restaurants Asia and Africa Indian sculpture Buddhist sculpture Fife and Benign Europe Renaissance in Europe Baroque 18th century Africa and Oceania To be completed HISTORY OF SCULPTURE Timeline More Sharing Serviceable Share on backlasher on milkshake on forefathers on print World Cities Discover in a free daily email today’s famous history and birthdays Enjoy the Famous Daily Indian sculpture: from the 3rd century BC The lively traditions of Indian sculpture date back to the first Indian empire, that of the Marry dynasty. Sculptors begin to carve characters and scenes from the stories of Indian’s three interconnected animism. Religions -Hinduism, Bud deism and to a lesser extent Read more:http://www. Historically. Net/world’s/Plenipotentiaries. Asp? Paragraphed=tidbits sculpture: 5th – 6th century AD Buddhism moves out of India and into Afghanistan (where the two great rock-carved Buddha of Banyan, from the 6th century, reveal the influence Afghanistan until destroyed by Taliban in 2001). It then continues east along thesis Arrowheads China. Paragraphed=edge#ixzz2c6zKdbCoForms Of Sculptures In India Indian sculptures of numerous sorts have evolved gradually. Since pre-historic era, the sculptures are everyday soaring new dimensions on India. Indian sculptures offer a truly diverse variety. The creation of sculptures aimed at fabrication of an undying piece of art which is long-lasting. As the sculptures of India Journeyed various eras and witnessed various dynasties, there is a vast variety seen among them in terms of styles and materials used. Sculptures of the Indus Valley The story of Indian art and sculpture dates back to the Indus valley civilization of the 2nd and 3rd millennium BC. Tiny terra-cotta seals discovered from the valley reveal carvings of appeal leaves, deities and animals. These elemental shapes of stones or seals were enshrined and worshipped by the people of the civilization. Two other objects that were excavated from the ruins of the Indus valley indicate the level of achievement that Indian art had attained in those days. The bust of a priest in limestone and a bronze dancing girl show tremendous sophistication and artistry. In the 1st century AD, the position changed somewhat radically in art and sculpture. The human figure replaced the symbolic representation of Buddha and his teachings. Though Buddha opposed the idea of idol worship, his cult image was established and became essential for acts of worship. The Mature and the Kandahar schools of sculpture imparted human form to Buddha image. To emphasis his divinity, this human form was depicted with features like a halo around the head, the drachma’s engraved upon his palms and soles of his feet, and the lion throne representing his royal ancestry. These early stone images of Buddha are awe-inspiring in terms of size and magnificence. The link between dance, drama, literature and art became crucial to aesthetic expressionism in centuries to come. This new era in art and sculpture witnessed a unique fusion, a synthesis embodied in the caves at Junta and Lealer and the temples of central and South India. Located north-east of Bombay, near Arranged, Junta and Lealer are two astonishing series of temples ca centuries. Khartoum out of living rock over the course of fourteen The tranquil town of Khartoum, in the central state of Madhya Pradesh boasts of the best medieval temples in India, known all over the world for their erotic sculptures. These glorious temples are the state’s most famous attraction. Amid green lawns and brilliant pink flowers is a complex of temples, glowing with the armor of sandstone and ornamented with the sinuous curves of sculpture unparalleled in their beauty. Out of the 85 temples built originally, only 22 survive today. These temples were created by the Candela rulers in the Indo-Aryan style. Elephant Caves The most profound aspect of the mighty Shiva is in evidence at the Shiva temple in the Elephant caves. Situated near Bombay, these caves present an introduction to some most exquisitely carved temples. One can witness a symphony in stone in praise of Lord Shiva, created by Indian’s expert stone carvers of the sixth century. How to cite Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent, Papers

Vietnam Napalm Bombing free essay sample

In this essay I am going to be writing about the Vietnam Napalm bombing, which took place in 1972. I will be discussing the history of the world famous picture taken by Nick Ut and what the picture represents. I will also be talking about how and why this picture is was so influential in the way people saw the Vietnam War. The picture was taken in the middle of the action. It’s quite amazing how Ut managed to capture this monumental photograph. It is almost as if you as the viewer are automatically connected to the photo when looking at it. The image is gripping and heartfelt all around the world. It is astonishing that a lot of people at the time did not know the full extent of the corruption involved within the Vietnam War. Here, I have shown the picture, as I continue to explain how it represented worldwide. We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnam Napalm Bombing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nick Ut (real name, Hu? nh Cong Ut), was born on March 29th, 1951 in the southern Mekong Delta province of Long An and was the younger brother of Vietnamese photographer Huynh Thanh My, who had been killed a few weeks earlier   while photographing combat action   in the Mekong Delta on October 10th, 1965 on assignment for The Associated Press. Ut was also a part of the Associated Press, and was only 14 years old when he was introduced to the Associated Press office in Saigon by his mother. Ut was looking for a job and Horst Faas hired him on January 1st, 1966, after a trial period of six weeks. It was exactly ten years after Horst Faas himself had officially joined the AP. At dawn of June 8, 1972, about 5 AM, photographer Nick Ut loaded his camera gear, field survival kit, flak-jacket and steel-helmet into one of the APs Japanese made minibuses. Nick Ut used two cameras to photograph the scenes in front of him his Leica and a Nikon with a long lens. He was alone on this mission, without a correspondent. Within minutes of the vicious attack it had occurred that most of the villages in sight had been seriously injured during the blast and also had big segments of their skin burnt away. The villagers that were seriously affected by this blast were running down a highway, trying their hardest to be free from the horror which was taking place in their village. In route one the associated press photographer who was present on the scene (Nick Ut) was able to snap one of the most iconic photographs. Nick Ut was present on the scene in the Vietnam War. Ut spoke in a 1999 interview with a news reporter, When we (the reporters) moved closer to the village we saw the first people running. I thought Oh my God when I suddenly saw a woman with her left leg badly burned by napalm. Then came a woman carrying a baby, who died, then another woman carrying a small child with its skin coming off. When I took a picture of them I heard a child screaming and saw that young girl who had pulled off all her burning clothes. She yelled to her brother on her left. Just before the napalm was dropped soldiers had yelled to the children to run but there wasnt enough time. Nick Ut was present and evidently on the scene in the Vietnam War. This just goes to show how traumatic this must have been for the young children in the centre of this chaos. Freed from their parents and running scared for their lives. In the picture priceless picture captured is black and white image of no more than 5 children and 6 soldiers. The child that draws the viewers’ a ttention the most is undoubtedly Phan Thi Kim Phuc crying and running naked down a road, with other children, her clothes burnt from her body by a napalm dropped by US planes. Phan was only 9 years old at the time. They were attempting their hardest to free themselves from the aftermath of the bomb showers that were taking place in their village. She is still alive today, and still suffers from extreme nightmares and is on anti-depressants. In 1973 Nick Ut had won the Pulitzer Prize for his now, globally known photograph. This is the highest honour which can be achieved in photo journalism. Shock a sudden or violent disturbance of the mind, emotions, or sensibilities. Confusion disorder; upheaval; tumult; chaos Torment a state of great bodily or mental suffering; agony; misery. Pain physical suffering or distress, as due to injury, illness, etc. Power a person or thing that possesses or exercises authority or influence. great or marked ability to do or act; strength; might; force. Panic a sudden overwhelming fear, with or without cause that produces hysterical or irrational behaviour and that often spreads quickly through a group of persons or animals. Looking at this picture I feel that it represents all of the explained words above. The first word that comes to mind is Shock. The look on the children’s faces brings a chill to my spine. You can evidently see the fear on their faces as the run in terror. It’s almost unreal as the torment the children are growing through, is captured in the same photograph with the South Vietnamese soldiers walking calmly behind them. It was almost as if they didn’t experience what just happened. The photo also portrays power, with the soldiers holding their guns and walking casually behind the children. It comes across as if they do not even care that there are children are running screaming for their lives almost burning to death. The war in general was at major debate with a large percentage of the U. N parties and the world against the fact that the U. S attacked Vietnam. It also had and effect on the American economy and the Vietnamese people. There is no basis even to suggest that the results from the war affected the United States and Vietnam similarly. While the United States suffered serious losses. * More than 58,000 of its military were killed in combat and billions of dollars were spent. * Vietnams losses were astounding. More than 3 million Vietnamese died during the American war, with at least that many wounded. That nearly totals to an astonishing 6 million people, at least. * More than 15 million Vietnamese, Cambodians and Laotians became refugees. * The Americans dropped over 6. 5 million tons of bombs on Indochina, destroying more than 10,000 hamlets and 25 million acres of forest in South Vietnam. * United States dropped more than 11. 2 million gallons of Agent Orange and 400,000 tons of napalm on South Vietnam, a nation roughly the size of New Mexico or Arizona. At the time, a lot of people around the world did not know the seriousness of the war. It is almost as if this photograph opened up the Vietnam War to the world in its entirety. A large number of people feel that the war had no purpose and that the Americans had no reason to go into Vietnam in the first place. Another reason is that America saw itself as a protector of freedom and democracy and it saw that South Vietnam would soon come under attack so it sent money and advisors first in the early 60s to advise the Vietnamese on how to defend their country. Later soldiers were sent probably to act as prevention for aggressors but eventually America got involved in the conflict and the rest is history, they lost and the world was shown that an advanced superpower could be beaten as we would later see in Afghanistan with the Russians. This also showed the corruption within the government, and how lowly they valued their peoples’ lives. It was not just this photo that showed images for unwatchable truth, there were many pictures that gave the world an insight as in to what was actually going on in the far-east. Soldiers as well as civilians died, but those who managed to survive through the carnage must be scared for life. There were definitely signs of dimension as some of the troops returned to the U. S. Lost limbs, along with partial hear and shattering nightmares are just some of the lifelong effects that they have to deal with. A lot of the world didn’t know that a large part if not most of the troops were taking high class drugs during the war. It is to be said that the drugs helped the soldiers black out what actually was going. I can imagine the soldiers feeling it was almost as if it was someone else killing all of those innocent people. Even the children were highly involved in war, in some photos you can see children as young as 7, holding heavy machinery. This photo made the world aware of iconic images; pictures which seem to possess the ability to sum up or symbolise important events, processes, or feelings. Images like these provide important points of reference for us, fixing our sense of identity in relation to ways of picturing ourselves. Many would believe that the rather shocking image of Phan Ti Kin Ohuch has become ‘a symbol of the civilian suffering in the Vietnam war’. I feel this goes to show that a photograph can somehow offer a deeper truth about society and history. It shows that picture can show a difference source of truth other than information that is disclosed by the government and other social science data. It’s almost as if this picture finally revealed the truth to the world about the war. After this photo was transmitted around the globe, more and more people actually started to take note as to what was going on in Vietnam at the time. When this picture first appeared in newspapers and magazines in 1972, it was to be found next to a caption and in many cases a supporting article as well. The caption text might have been simply descriptive. By 1972 this had reached a point where public opinion throughout the world took the view that this was not a just or honourable war. Its prosecution by the USA and its client regime in South Vietnam was seen widely as oppressing the civilian population of the country. When you think of the Vietnam War, more often than not Nick Ut’s Photograph comes to mind. This all suggests that there is immediacy about single images as opposed to passages of film or TV. I felt that helps events or moments stick in the mind. Along with Raising the Flag at Iwo Jima by Joe Rosenthal, this photo is argued to be the most influential picture taken of all time. If Nick Ut chose to help Kim Phuc first and neglected his role as a photojournalist, Kim Phucs story would not have been told. If Ut did not take the picture as it was happening, the world would not have seen the horrible reality of the Vietnam War, and history would not have been the same, for there would have been no recorded evidence or accurate depiction of the tragic events in Trang Bang on June 8, 1972. Ut did not stop at just photographing Kim Phuc and her family on that morning of June 8, 1972. He actually followed Kim through her stay in the hospital to her eventual homecoming in Trang Bang. By photographing Kim Phucs recovery, Ut did not simply portray Kim Phuc as a victim or sensationalize her by only capturing images of her in pain. By showing her photographs during a happier time in her life, Nick Ut turned Kim Phucs tragic story into a complete account of a human beings enduring human spirit in overcoming difficulty.